He has given expert evidence on English arbitration law in various foreign proceedings.  He also accepts appointments as arbitrator. He has been appointed in references under a variety of rules, including LCIA, ICC, LMAA and DIAC.

He was nominated for ‘International Arbitration Silk of the Year’ by the Legal 500 or Chambers UK Bar Awards in 2025, 2024, 2023, 2020 and 2019.  He is rated in Band 1 for International Arbitration in both the current editions of the Legal 500 and Chambers & Partners.

Recent arbitrations and related proceedings include:

• Hess v Exxon and CNOOC: acting alongside a team from Debevoise for Hess Corp, the successful party in the USD50 billion Guyana oilfield ROFR dispute with Exxon and CNOOC in May 2025 (see GAR, 18/7/25, 20/10/25).
• VXJ v FY [2025] EWHC 2394: acting for a defendant in a case involving an unsuccessful attempt to obtain non-party document production in support of arbitral proceedings.
• Acting for various entities in various high value HKIAC arbitrations relating to SHAs.
• Kosovo v Contaur Global [2024] EWHC 877: acting for successful defendants in a s.68 arbitration appeal involving allegations of various due process errors.
• FamilyMart v Ting Chuan [2023] UKPC 33: acting for the appellant in a high-profile appeal raising the issue of the extent to which winding up petitions are arbitrable.
• Tenke Fungurume v Katanga Contracting [2021] EWHC 3301; acting for successful respondent in a challenge to an arbitration award under 68 of the Arbitration Act 1996. The judgment considers the extent to which awards of funding costs and success fees can be challenged under s.68 of the Arbitration Act 1996.
• STA v OFY [2021] EWHC 1574; acting for successful respondents in an application for an extension of time for challenging an arbitration award.
• Halliburton v Chubb [2021] AC 1083: acting for LCIA as interveners in the Supreme Court in a landmark case relating to apparent bias on the part of an arbitrator.
• ICC arbitration (2019-2021): acting for claimant in a US$50 m arbitration relating to copper mining in Congo.
• Alpha v Minmetals Logistics [2021] EWHC 1157: acting for the appellants in an appeal under s 69 of the Arbitration Act, raising important issues as to owners’ rights under bills of lading.

 He has extensive experience in civil fraud cases. He has particular experience of cases involving fraud in the banking sector.

Recent cases  include the following:

• FFI Aviation: acting for a defendant group in a case involving alleged fraud in the aviation finance section.
• Kyla Shipping v Freight Trading Ltd [2022] EWHC 1625; acting for the successful defendants in a heavy fraud dispute relating to derivatives The defendants knocked out the claim on time-bar, on the basis that the claimants could not rely on s.32 of the Limitation Act 1980 to extend time.
• Acting for claimants in a US$50 m African mining dispute involving allegations of bribery and corruption.
• Acting for claimants in a multi-jurisdiction, multi-billion dollar private equity dispute involving numerous allegations of fraud.
• Acting for a defendant in a Commercial Court claim by a sovereign wealth fund for the misappropriation/loss of US$80 million by a hedge fund (FM Capital v Marino and Bessot)
• Acting for the defendant in a Commercial Court claim for the misappropriation of US$400 million under a forex trading platform (Ikon Finance Ltd).
• Advising a defendant to bribery allegations in relation to production orders and other disclosure issues.
• Advising a defendant in relation to claims for US$245 million by regulators for market misconduct.
• Acting for the liquidators of a hedge fund in a High Court claim for the fraudulent misappropriation of US$50 million under a Ponzi scheme.

He has been involved in numerous cases involving banking and investment disputes, company law and financial services (including regulatory issues).

Recent cases (2013-2022) include the following:

• Rating agencies litigation: acting for claimants in claims relating to the historical rating of CDOs.
• Canada Square v Potter [2023] UKSC 41: acting for a bank in an appeal to the Supreme Court in a dispute arising in relation to the provision of PPI to consumers.
• Acting for entities in proceedings relating to the effect of Russian sanctions on ISDA swaps contracts.
• Kyla Shipping v Freight Trading Ltd [2022] EWHC 1625; acting for the successful defendants in a dispute relating to derivatives trading.
• Prakash Industries v Peter Beck [2022] EWHC 754; acting for issuers of convertible bonds in a claim brought by bond holders. The case raised issues of the beneficial ownership of the bonds, and waiver issues.
• Acting for a private equity investor in a multi-billion dollar dispute involving proceedings in numerous jurisdictions.
• Acting for a private equity investor in a dispute under an SHA (and associated documents) relating to substantial investments in a pensions business in Africa.
• Acting for the claimant in a claim under an SHA relating to oil concessions in Africa (involving allegations of unfair prejudice).
• Advising a bank in relation to the liability of sponsors to creditors under a bible of documents including a sponsor support deed.
• Acting for various major banks in claims against Italian local authorities for declarations relating to the validity of interest rate swaps, currency swaps and credit default swaps.
• Advising a defendant in relation to substantial claims by regulators in Hong Kong for market misconduct.
• Acting for claimants in a claim for various remedies under a bible of documents centred around a defeased tax lease.
• Acting for a bank in successfully seeking declarations that a refund guarantee was void for illegality.
• Acting for a hedge fund in an investment dispute relating to a portfolio of sub-prime Polish debt.
• Advising liquidators of a hedge fund in relation to the misappropriation of funds under a Ponzi scheme.
• Advising liquidators of a hedge fund as to remedies against directors for disposing of assets at an undervalue.
• Advising a bank as to the applicable law of claims under various financial instruments.
• Advising various entities on the construction of put, call, tag and drag and other options in various joint venture agreements.
• Advising a venture capital entity on debt subordination and associated issues.
• Acting for the OPEC Fund for International Development in an arbitration claim under a put option for the sale of shares.

He has acted in many arbitrations and court disputes involving commodities.

He has acted in numerous disputes arising out of the collapse of the markets in late 2008, and many of the cases have involved issues relating to damages and hedging.

He has been involved in cases involving most commodities (including, e.g. crude oil, VGO, LPG, zinc, copper, aluminium, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, cotton, sugar, soybeans, grains etc), and he has particular experience in cases involving petroleum products.

Cases include:

• Cottonex v Patriot [2014] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 615, Hamblen J.
• Great Elephant v Trafigura [2012] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 503, (Teare J.), [2014] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 1 (C/A)
• Continental Enterprises v Shandong Zhucheng [2005] EWHC 92, Steel J.
• Louis Dreyfus v Reliance Trading [2004] 2 Lloyd’s Rep.243, Andrew Smith J.
• North Sea Energy Holdings v Petroleum Authority of Thailand [1997] 2 Lloyd’s Rep.418, [1999] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 483 (C/A).

He regularly advises on issues of jurisdiction arising in all areas of commercial law (including banking, reinsurance, shipping, commodities etc). He has particular experience in advising on the effects of jurisdiction and arbitration clauses, and has obtained and advised upon the availability of anti-suit injunctions in the Commercial Court on the basis of such clauses.

A recent example is Dynasty v Kurdistan Regional Government & another [2022] QB 246: acting for the claimant in this jurisdictional dispute arising out of a claim for over US$1.5 billion relating to product sharing agreements and oil concessions in Kurdistan. The case featured in The Lawyer’s Top 20 cases for 2021, and raised interesting issues relating to sovereign immunity, Act of State, and forum non conveniens.

Other examples include Pan Oceanic v UNIPEC [2016] EWHC 2774 on the applicable law for tortious interference claims under Rome II, and CH Offshore v PDVM [2015] EWHC 1939, which considered the conflict between jurisdiction clauses and the “necessary and proper party” regime.

Cases involving anti-suit injunctions include Star Reefers v JFC No1 [2010] EWHC 3003, [2012] EWCA Civ 14. He has also obtained anti-anti-suit injunctions. In addition he successfully resisted a jurisdiction challenge in Star Reefers v JFC No2 [2011] 2 Lloyd’s Rep.215 (Andrew Smith J). He also appeared in Golden Ocean v SMI [2011] EWHC 56, [2012] EWCA Civ 265, involving jurisdiction issues relating to a contract of guarantee.

Other reported cases include Import Export Metro v CSAV [2001] 1 Lloyd’s Rep.11 on forum non conveniens and non- exclusive jurisdiction clauses in bills of lading.

He has acted for the insured or insurers in many insurance and reinsurance disputes.

Much of his time over the past few years has been spent in the OP Russian aircraft litigation, in which he acts for OP reinsurers.

Other cases include the following:

• Advising reinsurers in relation to aggregation issues arising out of cancellations following Covid-19.
• Advising in relation to business interruption claims arising out of Covid-19
• Acting for reinsurers in the Court of Appeal in Axa v ARIG [2017] EWHA Civ 96 (and [2015] EWHC 1939), involving non-disclosure to treaty reinsurers of historic loss statistics, and the effect of delay on the right to avoid.
• Acting for the insured in a substantial claim (c.E75 m) under a buy-side warranty insurance policy.
• Advising reinsureds in relation to a claim against reinsurers arising out of a landslide in South America.
• Acting for claimants in a US$65 million claim for claims leakage in relation to a book of liability
• Acting for insurers in a dispute relating to what constitutes a partial or temporary repair with the meaning of the Marine Insurance Act.
• Acting for reinsurers in relation to claims under a QS treaty, and whether the reinsured was in breach of a net retention warranty.
• Acting for the insured in relation to a claim under credit default insurance for charter hire, and whether the policy could be avoided for non-disclosure.
• Acting for insurers relating to a claim for the total loss of a rig in Russian waters.
• Acting for liquidators in relation to a claim against insurers under the Third Party (Rights Against Insurers) Act.

He acted for reinsurers in the film finance litigation. He has extensive experience of cases arising out of facultative obligatory cover, and in particular cases involving allegations of non-disclosure (of claims history/moral hazard etc), affirmation/waiver and breaches of warranty. He has also acted in cases involving the practice of net underwriting, double insurance, and cases involving follow the leader and follow the settlements clauses. He has also been involved in a number of disputes involving brokers. Commercial Court trials include Brockbank v Reliance (Steel J.) raising questions of the legal nature of lineslips, and NIGC v Russell Tudor Price [1999] Lloyd’s Rep. IR 249 involving allegations of negligent broking.

Other commercial court trials include American International Marine v Dandridge [2005] EWHC 829 (Comm) [2005] Lloyd’s Rep I.R 643, and see Insurance Law Monthly, January 2006, Volume 18, involving the incorporation of terms into a reinsurance contract, and a six week trial between Axa v New Hampshire (Morison J.) involving numerous issues including the effect under a reinsurance contract of a foreign judgment on the liability of the original assured. He appeared in Talbot v NHM [2006] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 195, in which the Court of Appeal considered the question of who was covered under a BAR policy, and considered the question of whether an undisclosed principal could intervene in the contract.

He also appeared at 1st instance and in the Court of Appeal in Limit No.2 Limited v Axa Versicherung AG [2008] Lloyd’s Rep IR 330, which involved allegations that the re-assured had misrepresented its intentions and current underwriting practice, and raised issues as to how risks were ceded to a fac/oblig treaty.

He has appeared in numerous cases involving energy and natural resources, and has particular experience in the petroleum and natural gas industries, and mining contracts.

Cases since 2013 include the following:

• Acting for a party in a multi-billion dollar shareholder dispute relating to an oil concession in South America.
• Dynasty v Kurdistan Regional Government & another [2022] QB 246: acting for the claimant in a claim for over US$1.5 billion relating to product sharing agreements and oil concessions in Kurdistan. The case featured in The Lawyer’s Top 20 cases for 2021.
• Acting for claimants in a multi-billion dollar UNCITRAL arbitration relating to a copper mining contract in Zambia.
• Acting for claimants in an ICC arbitration relating to a mining contract in D R Congo (see further Tenke Fungurume Mining v Katanga [2021] EWHC 3301).
• Acting for a JV partner in a billion dollar shareholder dispute relating to the operation of a Nigerian OML.
• Acting for drill rig owners in a US$80 million claim for stand-by costs.
• Acting for BP in a case involving a JV agreement relating to the import of LNG into the UK.
• Acting for the claimant in a US$120 million claim for an agency fee relating to the sale of a Nigerian offshore oil concession.
• Acting for a South African claimant in a US$20 million dispute under a JV relating to a Nigerian oil operating licence, and the effect of governmental interference.
• Acting for a Nigerian claimant in a high value dispute under a JV relating to the development of an oil terminal in Nigeria.
• Acting for various entities in various multi-million dollar disputes relating to the charter of various offshore platforms/rigs (e.g., CH Offshore v PDVM [2015] EWHC 1939).
• Acting for buyers in a US$20 million dispute relating to the contamination of zinc, lead and bulk concentrates, causing production problems at an Indian smelter.
• Acting for sellers in a dispute relating to the alleged contamination of sulphuric acid produced by an Indian smelter.

He has extensive experience in all kinds of shipping disputes, including numerous disputes under charterparties, bills of lading and MOA’s.

Reported cases include Alpha Marine v Minmetals [2021] EWHC 1157 on owners’ rights under bills of lading, Pan Oceanic v UNIPEC [2016] EWHC 2774 on brokers’ rights to commission under a long term COA which was repudiated, FSL-9 PTE Ltd v Norwegian Hull Club [2016] EWHC 1091 on the meaning of a liberty to apply provision in an LOI, Glencore International v PT Tera Logistics [2016] EWHC 82 on time bars under floating crane contracts, CH Offshore v PDVM [2015] EWHC 1939 on long term COAs, Geden v Dry Bulk [2014] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 66 on the effects of refusing to follow charterers’ orders (and piracy issues), and Great Elephant v Trafigura [2014] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 1 (C/A) on force majeure clauses.

Other cases include Waterfront Shipping v Trafigura [2008] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 286 on demurrage time bars, and he represented charterers in “The Silver Constellation” arbitration, which subsequently went to appeal and is reported at [2008] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 440. He acted for charterers in Cobelfret v Swissmarine [2010] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 317 (Beatson J.) relating to the incorporation of terms into a charterparty recap, and in Golden Ocean v SMI [2011] EWHC 56, Christopher Clarke J., involving the liability of guarantors to a charterparty. He successfully represented charterers in an appeal relating to a strike clause in an AMWELSH charter: Louis Dreyfus v Carboex [2011] 2 Lloyd’s Rep.177. He also represented the claimants in the Star Reefers litigation, involving substantial claims under two contracts of guarantees. Judgments in that litigation include Star Reefers v JFC No1 [2010] EWHC 3003 (Teare J), Star Reefers v JFC No2 [2011] 2 Lloyd’s Rep.215 (Andrew Smith J), Star Reefers v JFC No3 [2011] EWHC 1166 (Burton J), and Star Reefers v JFC No4 [2011] EWHC 2204 (HH Judge Chambers QC).

Earlier cases include The Berge Sisar (2002) All ER (D) 138 on the carriage of LPG, Stocznia Gdanska v Latvian Shipping Co [2001] 1 Lloyd’s Rep.537 arising out of a contract for the construction of six ships and involving allegations of conspiracy and inducing a breach of contract, Southampton Container Terminals v Hansa [1999] 2 Lloyd’s Rep.491 involving the assessment of damages following damage to a crane, Fyffes Group v Reefer Express Lines [1996] 2 Lloyd’s Rep.171 raising issues of seaworthiness and damages, Swissmarine Corp. v Frontier Shipping [2004] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 390 on strike clauses, and Miranos International Trading v VOC Steel (Cooke J.) on damages for early redelivery.

In addition to advising upon the specialised areas of commercial law identified above, he has acted in many disputes involving general principles of commercial law. He is regularly recommended in directories as a leading barrister in this category; comments include that he is “deeply analytical”, “highly polished” and a silk who “can be parachuted into a difficult case to argue attractively and skilfully”.

Examples include:

• Representing various entities in numerous JV disputes, including several cases involving put, tag and drag options. Other JV disputes include a dispute arising out of a JV for the supply of goods and services in Afghanistan, a JV for the development of a port in Nigeria, a JV relating to pension management in Africa, and various JVs relating to various OMLs in Nigeria.
• Successfully defending a US$2.7 billion claim for breach of an alleged agreement to develop an innovative oil spill recovery technique, and acting for a major international airline in a case arising out of a substantial contract alleged to have been procured by bribery. Other examples include a claim for an indemnity under a “knock for knock” clause in an agreement for the supply of personnel for offshore platform work.
• Advising on a large pollution claim in the Ivory Coast and on issues arising out of the Stone + Rolls litigation. He has also advised on an accountant’s negligence claim worth several billion pounds.
• Representing the claimants in the Factortame litigation over the course of 2-3 years, appearing in R v Secretary of State for Transport ex parte Factortame [2001] 1 WLR 942 in which the Court considered the nature of a breach of EC law for the purposes of limitation, and in R v Secretary of State for Transport ex parte Factortame [2000] All ER (D) 1174 on the practice of making Part 36 offers.

He also has extensive experience of obtaining interim relief, including freezing injunctions, interim injunctions, anti-suit injunctions, and anti-anti-suit injunctions.